“The genes are the functional unit of our genome that are located on chromosomes- a complex network of DNA and protein.”
A chromosome is the most condensed form of DNA that enables DNA to fit inside a cell. It is a network of histone proteins and DNA that makes nucleosome assembly, bead-on-string, chromatin, chromatids and chromosome.
The entire process of making a chromosome is complex, we aren’t discussing it here. If you wish to learn, you can read these two articles related to it.
Genes are a working nucleic acid sequence that has the power to build a protein. A few portions of our genome (genome is the whole set of DNA of a cell) can make proteins, approximately 3%, the rest are non-functional DNA or we can say not genes.
Functionally, through replication, transcription and translation the gene copies, form mRNA and protein respectively.
Genes are found on chromosomes we know it! But exactly where? On which region of chromosomes they are present?
In the present article, I will tell you where genes are located on chromosomes and the location of different genes on different chromosomes.
Where are genes located?
To understand the present topic we have to understand some basic things regarding the chromosome. The chromosomes have two arms the long q arm and the short p arms.
Also, it has the telomere on ends and the centromere in the middle.
The loosely arranged regions on chromosomes are known as euchromatin regions while the tightly packed regions are known as the heterochromatin region.
“The genes are located on the loosely packed euchromatin region of the chromosomes arms”, Not on telomere, not on centromere or not even in the heterochromatin region of it.
The telomeres are end portion of chromosomes and are non-replicating and non-coding repetitive DNA. It protects genes actually.
The centromere is also a non-coding DNA rich region. The heterochromatin region is so tightly packed that it doesn’t allow transcriptional factors and enzymes to make protein.
So the only portion of chromosomes that is the euchromatin and loosely packed, open access regions that allow enzymes to bind and make protein by transcription. And are genes!
Different genes are located on different chromosomes. Here we have listed the location of several genes on different chromosomes.
Location of genes on chromosome 1:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | BCL2L15 | 1p13.2 |
| 2 | CYP4B1 | 1p46.76-46.82 |
| 3 | DBT | 1p100.19-100.25 |
| 4 | JAK1 | 1p64.83-65.07 |
| 5 | MTHFR | 1p11.79-11.81 |
| 6 | NGF | 1p115.29-115.34 |
| 7 | RSPO1 | 1p37.61-37.63 |
| 8 | ZNF436 | 1p23.36-23.37 |
| 9 | TAL1 | 1p47.22-47.23 |
| 10 | LCK | 1p32.25-32.29 |
Location of genes on chromosome 2:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | GEN1 | 2p24.2 |
| 2 | ZNF142 | 2q35 |
| 3 | TTN | 2q31.2 |
| 4 | NCL | 2q37.1 |
| 5 | AGXT | 2q37.3 |
Location of genes on chromosome 3:
| Sr no | Gene | location |
| 1 | ZNF9 | 3q21.3 |
| 2 | SOX2 | 3q26.33 |
| 3 | PHO | 3q22.1 |
| 4 | FOXP1 | 3p13 |
| 5 | RPP14 | 3p14.3 |
Location of genes on chromosome 4:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | ZNF621 | 3p22.1 |
| 2 | HTT | 4p16.3 |
| 3 | IGJ | 4q13.3 |
| 4 | Factor XI | 4q35.2 |
| 5 | Complement factor I | 4q25 |
Location of genes on chromosome 5:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | IK | 5q31.3 |
| 2 | TBCA | 5q14.1 |
| 3 | SMN1 | 5q13.2 |
| 4 | PURA | 5q31.3 |
| 5 | ARL15 | 5q11.2 |
Location of genes on chromosome 6:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | HLA-A | 6p21.30 |
| 2 | HLA-B | 6p21.33 |
| 3 | HLA-C | 6p21.33 |
| 4 | ZNF76 | 6p21.31 |
| 5 | TAAR1 | 6q23.2 |
Location of genes on chromosome 7:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | PURB | 7p13 |
| 2 | POP7 | 7q22.1 |
| 3 | SCIN | 7p21.3 |
| 4 | BRAT1 | 7p22.3 |
| 5 | URG4 | 7p13 |
Location of genes on chromosome 8:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | ZNF16 | 8q24.3 |
| 2 | TG | 8q24.22 |
| 3 | HMBOX1 | 8q21.1-p12 |
| 4 | FGFR1 | 8p11.23 |
| 5 | GDF6 | 8q22.1 |
Location of genes on chromosome 9:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | ZNF510 | 9q22.33 |
| 2 | INSL6 | 9p24.1 |
| 3 | GALT | 9p13.3 |
| 4 | FXN | 9q21.11 |
| 5 | ABO | 9p34.2 |
Location of genes on chromosome 10:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | GATA3 | 10p14 |
| 2 | PTEN | 10q23.31 |
| 3 | RET | 10q11.21 |
| 4 | ZNF438 | 10p11.23 |
| 5 | STOX1 | 10q22.1 |
Location of genes on chromosome 11:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | HBB | 11p15.4 |
| 2 | Insulin | 11p15.5 |
| 3 | NAP1L4 | 11p15.4 |
| 4 | WT1 | 11p13 |
| 5 | UPK2 | 11q23.3 |
Location of genes on chromosome 12:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | TWF1 | 12q12 |
| 2 | PAH | 12q23.2 |
| 3 | MYO1A | 12q13.3 |
| 4 | KRAS | 12p12.1 |
| 5 | KERA | 12q21.33 |
Location of genes on chromosome 13:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | BRCA2 | 13q13.1 |
| 2 | BRCA3 | 13q13.1 |
| 3 | DZIP1 | 13q32.1 |
| 4 | RB1 | 13q14.2 |
| 5 | POMP | 13q12.3 |
Location of genes on chromosome 14:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | ATXN3 | 14q32.12 |
| 2 | GALC | 14q31.3 |
| 3 | WARS | 14q32.2 |
| 4 | PSEN1 | 14q24.2 |
| 5 | ACIN1 | 14q11.2 |
Location of genes on chromosome 15:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | CHP1 | 15q15.1 |
| 2 | CAPN3 | 15q15.1 |
| 3 | FBN1 | 15q21.1 |
| 4 | HEXA | 15q23 |
| 5 | OCA2 | 15q12-q13.1 |
Location of genes on chromosome 16:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | GLG1 | 16q23.1 |
| 2 | HN1L | 16p13.3 |
| 3 | NOB1 | 16q22.1 |
| 4 | TELO2 | 16q13.3 |
| 5 | ZNF200 | 16q13.3 |
Location of genes on chromosome 17:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | HN1 | 17q25.1 |
| 2 | STH | 17q21.31 |
| 3 | RPAIN | 17q13.2 |
| 4 | SC65 | 17q21.2 |
| 5 | BRCA1P1 | none |
Location of genes on chromosome 18:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | PIGN | 18q21.33 |
| 2 | DCC | 18q21.2 |
| 3 | CABYR | 18q11.2 |
| 4 | ELAC1 | 18q21.2 |
| 5 | ESCO1 | 18q11.2 |
Location of genes on chromosome 19:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | OSCAR | 19q13.42 |
| 2 | TECR | 19p13.12 |
| 3 | TMED1 | 19p13.2 |
| 4 | ATG4D | 19p13.2 |
| 5 | HRC | 19q13.33 |
Location of genes on chromosome 20:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | PRNP | 20p13 |
| 2 | JAG1 | 20p12.2 |
| 3 | ITPA | 20p13 |
| 4 | EDN3 | 20q13.32 |
| 5 | ADA | 20q13.12 |
Location of genes on chromosome 21:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | APP | 21q21.3 |
| 2 | S100B | 21q22.3 |
Location of genes on chromosome 22:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | BCR | 22q11.23 |
| 2 | MAPK1 | 22q11.22 |
| 3 | SOX10 | 22q13.1 |
| 4 | MN1 | 22q12.1 |
| 5 | COMT | 22q11.21 |
Location of genes on chromosome X:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | TRO | Xp11.21 |
| 2 | GATA1 | Xp11.23 |
| 3 | APOO | Xp22.11 |
| 4 | BEX1 | Xq22.1 |
Location of genes on chromosome Y:
| Sr no | Gene | Location |
| 1 | AZF1 | Yq11 |
| 2 | DAZ1 | Yq11.22 |
| 3 | DAZ2 | Yq11.22 |
| 4 | SRY | Yp11.2 |
| 5 | UTY | Yq11.22 |
Conclusion:
Genes are located on the arms of chromosomes, and telomeres protect them. The sequences in genes are highly conserved hence it is very important to maintain their integrity generation after generation to make a perfectly normal protein.
